Art+History+Timeline

=Art History Timeline= By [|Jesse Bryant Wilder, MA, MAT]

Part of the [|Art History For Dummies Cheat Sheet]
The history of art is immense, the earliest cave paintings pre-date writing by almost 27,000 years! If you're interested in art history, the first thing you should do is take a look at this table which briefly outlines the artists, traits, works, and events that make up major art periods and how art evolved to present day: Movements ||~ Characteristics ||~ Chief Artists and Major Works ||~ Historical Events ||
 * ~ Art Periods/
 * Stone Age (30,000 b.c.–2500 b.c.) || Cave painting, fertility goddesses, megalithic structures || Lascaux Cave Painting, Woman of Willendorf, Stonehenge || Ice Age ends (10,000 b.c.–8,000 b.c.); New Stone Age and first permanent settlements (8000 b.c.–2500 b.c.) ||
 * Mesopotamian (3500 b.c.–539 b.c.) || Warrior art and narration in stone relief || Standard of Ur, Gate of Ishtar, Stele of Hammurabi's Code || Sumerians invent writing (3400 b.c.); Hammurabi writes his law code (1780 b.c.); Abraham founds monotheism ||
 * Egyptian (3100 b.c.–30 b.c.) || Art with an afterlife focus: pyramids and tomb painting || Imhotep, Step Pyramid, Great Pyramids, Bust of Nefertiti || Narmer unites Upper/Lower Egypt (3100 b.c.); Rameses II battles the Hittites (1274 b.c.); Cleopatra dies (30 b.c.) ||
 * Greek and Hellenistic (850 b.c.–31 b.c.) || Greek idealism: balance, perfect proportions; architectural orders(Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) || Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Polykleitos, Praxiteles || Athens defeats Persia at Marathon (490 b.c.); Peloponnesian Wars (431 b.c.–404 b.c.); Alexander the Great's conquests (336 b.c.–323 b.c.) ||
 * Roman (500 b.c.– a.d. 476) || Roman realism: practical and down to earth; the arch || Augustus of Primaporta, Colosseum, Trajan's Column, Pantheon || Julius Caesar assassinated (44 b.c.); Augustus proclaimed Emperor (27 b.c.); Diocletian splits Empire (a.d. 292); Rome falls (a.d. 476) ||
 * Indian, Chinese, and Japanese(653 b.c.–a.d. 1900) || Serene, meditative art, and Arts of the Floating World || Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, Guo Xi, Hokusai, Hiroshige || Birth of Buddha (563 b.c.); Silk Road opens (1st century b.c.); Buddhism spreads to China (1st–2nd centuries a.d.) and Japan (5th century a.d.) ||
 * Byzantine and Islamic (a.d. 476–a.d.1453) || Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; Islamic architecture and amazing maze-like design || Hagia Sophia, Andrei Rublev, Mosque of Córdoba, the Alhambra || Justinian partly restores Western Roman Empire (a.d. 533–a.d. 562); Iconoclasm Controversy (a.d. 726–a.d. 843); Birth of Islam (a.d. 610) and Muslim Conquests (a.d. 632–a.d. 732) ||
 * Middle Ages (500–1400) || Celtic art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque, Gothic || St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral, Notre Dame, Chartres, Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto || Viking Raids (793–1066); Battle of Hastings (1066); Crusades I–IV (1095–1204); Black Death (1347–1351); Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) ||
 * Early and High Renaissance (1400–1550) || Rebirth of classical culture || Ghiberti's Doors, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael || Gutenberg invents movable type (1447); Turks conquer Constantinople (1453); Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin Luther starts Reformation (1517) ||
 * Venetian and Northern Renaissance (1430–1550) || The Renaissance spreads north- ward to France, the Low Countries, Poland, Germany, and England || Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden || Council of Trent and Counter-Reformation (1545–1563); Copernicus proves the Earth revolves around the Sun (1543 ||
 * Mannerism (1527–1580) || Art that breaks the rules; artifice over nature || Tintoretto, El Greco, Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini || Magellan circumnavigates the globe (1520–1522) ||
 * Baroque (1600–1750) || Splendor and flourish for God; art as a weapon in the religious wars || Reubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Palace of Versailles || Thirty Years' War between Catholics and Protestants (1618–1648) ||
 * Neoclassical (1750–1850) || Art that recaptures Greco-Roman grace and grandeur || David, Ingres, Greuze, Canova || Enlightenment (18th century); Industrial Revolution (1760–1850) ||
 * Romanticism (1780–1850) || The triumph of imagination and individuality || Caspar Friedrich, Gericault, Delacroix, Turner, Benjamin West || American Revolution (1775–1783); French Revolution (1789–1799); Napoleon crowned emperor of France (1803) ||
 * Realism (1848–1900) || Celebrating working class and peasants; //en plein air// rustic painting || Corot, Courbet, Daumier, Millet || European democratic revolutions of 1848 ||
 * Impressionism (1865–1885) || Capturing fleeting effects of natural light || Monet, Manet, Renoir, Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot, Degas || Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871); Unification of Germany (1871) ||
 * Post-Impressionism (1885–1910) || A soft revolt against Impressionism || Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, Seurat || Belle Époque (late-19th-century Golden Age); Japan defeats Russia (1905) ||
 * Fauvism and Expressionism (1900–1935) || Harsh colors and flat surfaces (Fauvism); emotion distorting form || Matisse, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Marc || Boxer Rebellion in China (1900); World War (1914–1918) ||
 * Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism, Constructivism, De Stijl (1905–1920) || Pre– and Post–World War 1 art experiments: new forms to express modern life || Picasso, Braque, Leger, Boccioni, Severini, Malevich || Russian Revolution (1917); American women franchised (1920) ||
 * //Dada and Surrealism// (1917–1950) || //Ridiculous art; painting dreams// and exploring the unconscious || //Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, Magritte,// de Chirico, Kahlo || //Disillusionment after World War I; The Great// Depression (1929–1938); World War II (1939–1945) and Nazi horrors; atomic bombs dropped on Japan (1945) ||
 * Abstract Expressionism (1940s–1950s) and Pop Art (1960s) || Post–World War II: pure abstraction and expression without form; popular art absorbs consumerism || Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning, Rothko, Warhol, Lichtenstein || Cold War and Vietnam War (U.S. enters 1965); U.S.S.R. suppresses Hungarian revolt (1956) Czechoslovakian revolt (1968) ||
 * Postmodernism and Deconstructivism (1970– ) || Art without a center and reworking and mixing past styles || Gerhard Richter, Cindy Sherman, Anselm Kiefer, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid || Nuclear freeze movement; Cold War fizzles; Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. (1989–1991) ||